acid base balance

ACID BASE BALANCE
A hydrogen ion is a single free proton released from a hydrogen atom
Acids.. Molecules containing hydrogen atoms that can release hydrogen ions in solutions
-hydrochloric acid (HCl) ,carbonic acid (H2CO3)
A base…. an ion or a molecule that can accept an H+
-HCO3-,HPO4=,The proteins ,hemoglobin
Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
• A strong acid ..rapidly dissociates and releases large amounts of H+ in solution….HCl
• Weak acids ..less tendency to dissociate their ions … is H2CO3
• A strong base … reacts rapidly and strongly with H+ and quickly removes these from a solution…OH-
• A typical weak base is HCO3-
• Most of the acids and bases in the extracellular fluid that involved in normal acid-base regulation are weak acids and bases
Types of Acids in the body
 Volatile acids:
– Can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.
– H2C03 (carbonic acid).
Pco2 is most important factor in pH of body tissues
 Organic Acids:
– Byproducts of aerobic metabolism, during anaerobic metabolism and during starvation, diabetes.
Lactic acid, ketones
Normal Hydrogen Ion Concentration and pH of Body Fluids
 the blood H+ concentration is normally maintained within tight limits around a normal value of about 0.00004 mEq/L (40 nEq/L)
Ph= log 1/H= -log [H]
Ph=7.4