Sunday, November 28, 2010

biochemistry of digestive disorder s.by-RV/07-16,19,20

BIOCHEMISTRY OF DIGESTIVE
                   DISORDER

INTRODUCTION-: The entire digestive process consist of
Swallowing in the mouth followed by passing to stomach
through pharynx and oesophagus.In stomach initiation of
digestion of protein takes place in addition stomach may reject
irritating substances and destroy micro organism.
                                      The biochemical aspect of digestive disorder
Mainly concerned with Nature of secreation like gastric secreation,
Intestinal secreation, pancreas secreation and way in which this
Secreation is disturbed in various digestive disorder.
                                       Various disease of stomach may depend
Upon infectness of gastric mucosa the rate of secreation of HCL by 
Uninjured parietal cell,rate and volume of other secreation in stomach
HCL in the stomach convert pepsinogen to active pepsin and provide
 Optimum ph for peptic digestion in the stomach.
                                        Achlorhydria-is the absence of Hcl due to
 histamine induced gastric secreation.in this condition gastric juice
 containmore than normal amount of base in combination of cl` and
bicarbonate
                                         Hypochlorhydria-is the possibility of
occurance of chronic Gastritis.
PEPTIC ULCER-:Term refers to the loss of tissue confind to the
stomach and upper portion of duodenum bcz of action of acid containing
 gastric juice more than 1004 ml/day but normal value is 580 ml/day
                                              Treatment of peptic ulcer is use of alkaline
Materials such as Caco3,Na2co3,Mgo2
                                                Glucose tolerance is altered in patient with
Peptic ulcer and decrease plasma level of Vit ^A^
DISEASE OF INTESTINE-:Are observed such as inflammation,
Neoplasm,ulcerative disease and functional disorders
                                                  The volm of pancreatic juice secreated daily
Is about 1500 ml/day and ph is 7.8-8.4
                                                   The loss of intestinal juice result in
dehyderation and acidosis.that laeds to hyporetinimia hyporcholoridia is
characterize by the presence of excessive amount of Fat in stool this is
caused by cystic fibrosis of pancreas.the failure of fat absorption is known
as celiac disease.
 ULCERATIVE COLITIS-:Ulceration of mucosa of colon cause
Ulcerative colitis a negative Nitrogen balance has been observed hence
Electrolyte patern of serum plasma is altered.The concentration of ca+,na+
cl- are definitely decreased below the normal levels
                                                    The fatty liver develops due to the lack of
Lipotrophic agentssuch as methionine and choline.in this prothrombin level
 go down and if give 1mg of vit k administered parentaly level will be
 normal. sometimes in Hepatocellulor disease even huge amounts of vit K
will not affect the decreased level of prothrombin.
ACUTE RUMEN TYMPANY/BLOAT-:Seen when cattle consume
 Large Quantity of legumes or fed with high concentrate diet bcz of change
 in the ruminal content to a foamy or froathy bcz  of altered surface tention
and gas become traped in small bubbles and can not eliminated
                                                     Treatment-is give only balance diet and
 purgatives like  oil.
 BOVINE KETOSIS-:Seen in bovines due to increase in milk
 Production particularly soon after parturition if animal not getted
suffiecient diet of CHO and Ketone bodies formed.
PREGNANCY  TOXEMIA IN EWES-:Deu to insufficient CHO
 diet in sheep particularly when it gives birth twins
LESS IMPORTANT DISEASE
HEPATIC DISORDER
GALL BLADER STONES- Interfere release of bile and effect fat digesition
ROLE OF ENZYMES IN DIGESTIONOF ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
SOURCE        ENZYME    SUBSTITUTE      END PRODUCT
Mouth                   salivary           CHO(starch and              Maltose                                                                                salivary gland      amylase             glycogen)

Stomach              pepsin               protein                        protease(more A.A) and    
Gland                                                                               peptones(less A.A)

Pancreas             Trypsin               protein,protease       polypeptides and dipeptides       
                                                       Peptones

                       Chymotrypsin         same                        same

                 Corboxypeptidase       polypeptides at the    lower peptides and free A.A
                                                     Free carboxyl end
                                                     Of  the chain
          
              Pancreatic amylase         starch and glycogen      maltose

               Lipase                             fat                             fatty acid mono and diacyl
                                                                                              Glycerols

Liver and   bile salts and              fats                         emulsifications of fats
and Gall        alkali
bladder



Small          aminopeptidase       polypeptides         lower peptides and free A.A
Intestine

                 Dipeptidase          dipeptides                     A.A                                              
   
                 Sucrase              sucrose                        glucose

                 Maltase             maltose                        glucose

                Lactase              lactose                            same
         COMPILED  BY-:
                                           RV/O7-I6 IMRAN KHAN
                                           RV/O7-19 KALYANI
                                           RV/O7-20 KARTHIKA
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